Two Treatises of Government

Book Review

John Locke's «Two Treatises of Government» is one of the foundational works in political philosophy and legal theory. The first treatise is a critique of the patriarchal theory of power, particularly the ideas of Robert Filmer, who claimed that royal authority is divinely ordained and hereditary. Locke refutes these claims, demonstrating their logical inconsistency and historical inaccuracy. The second treatise, more renowned and influential, presents Locke's own views on the nature of the state and rights. He introduces the concept of natural rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property, which he believes precede any governmental establishments. Locke argues that the state should be based on a social contract and serve to protect these rights. If the government violates this contract, the people have the right to revolt and change the authority. Critics note that Locke's ideas significantly influenced the development of liberal thought and became the foundation for many democratic constitutions, including the U.S. Constitution. However, some scholars point out the insufficient treatment of issues related to economic inequality and social justice in his theory. Nonetheless, «Two Treatises of Government» remains an important source for understanding modern political and legal systems.