Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals

Interesting Facts

• Kant introduces the concept of the «categorical imperative», which is the central principle of his ethics. It is a universal moral law that must apply to all rational beings without exception.
• Kant asserts that moral laws do not depend on external circumstances or consequences but are based on reason and internal necessity.
• Kant distinguishes between actions performed in accordance with duty and actions performed out of a sense of duty. Only the latter have true moral value.
• Kant believes that one should always regard other people as ends in themselves, not merely as means to achieve one's own goals. This is a key tenet of his ethical system.
• Kant emphasizes the importance of the autonomy of the will, asserting that moral laws must originate from reason itself, not be imposed from outside.
• Kant critiques utilitarianism and other forms of ethics based on consequences, arguing that morality should be based on principles, not results.