Of Human Bondage

Main Characters and Their Development

• Philip Carey - the main character of the novel, who goes through numerous trials and experiences in search of life's meaning and his place in the world. Initially, he appears as a young man with a physical disability—lameness—that causes him to feel inadequate. Throughout the book, Philip encounters various people and situations that shape his worldview. He studies in London, tries his hand at art, medicine, and other fields, but constantly faces disappointments. His relationship with Mildred, a woman he loves but who does not reciprocate his feelings, becomes an important part of his development. Ultimately, Philip finds inner peace and contentment by accepting his life as it is.
• Mildred Rogers - a waitress with whom Philip has a complex and painful relationship. She manipulates Philip, using his feelings for her to her advantage. Mildred does not have genuine feelings for Philip but returns to him when it suits her. Her character in the book symbolizes the destructive influence of unhealthy relationships on a person.
• Sally Athelny - a kind and understanding girl who becomes a friend and support for Philip. Unlike Mildred, Sally genuinely cares for Philip and helps him gain confidence. By the end of the novel, Philip realizes that true love and happiness lie in simple and sincere relationships, and he finds solace in his friendship with Sally.
• Harry Griffiths - a friend of Philip who plays an important role in his life. Griffiths is a person with a strong character and vitality, inspiring Philip in his search for himself. However, their friendship is also tested by complex love triangles and personal ambitions.
• Athelny - Sally's father, who becomes a role model and source of wisdom for Philip. Athelny is a man with rich life experience who shares his views on life with Philip, helping him find inner peace and confidence.