The Man Who Laughs

Main Ideas

• Critique of social injustice and inequality. Victor Hugo illustrates how society is cruel and unfair to those who differ from the norm, and how social classes influence people's destinies.
• The theme of fate and predestination. The fate of the main character, Gwynplaine, is determined by his appearance, and he must struggle against the prejudice and cruelty of those around him.
• Love and self-sacrifice. The book portrays deep feelings and self-sacrifice, especially in the relationships between Gwynplaine and Dea, as well as between Gwynplaine and Ursus.
• Critique of power and aristocracy. Hugo condemns the corruption and heartlessness of the aristocracy, which uses its power to oppress and exploit ordinary people.
• Human dignity and inner beauty. Despite physical deformities, Gwynplaine possesses inner beauty and dignity, contrasting with the external glamour and emptiness of the aristocrats.