The Man Who Laughs

Main Characters and Their Development

• Gwynplaine - the main character of the novel, a man with a disfigured face permanently set in a smile. His face was disfigured in childhood by the Comprachicos so he could perform in the circus and amuse audiences. Despite his appearance, Gwynplaine has a kind heart and noble soul. Throughout the novel, he journeys from a circus performer to a member of parliament, confronting the injustice and cruelty of society.
• Dea - a blind girl who was found alongside Gwynplaine. She does not see his deformity and loves him for his inner qualities. Dea symbolizes purity and innocence. Throughout the novel, she remains loyal and devoted to Gwynplaine despite all hardships.
• Ursus - a philosopher and circus performer who takes care of Gwynplaine and Dea. He is a wise and kind man who tries to protect his wards from the world's cruelty. Ursus serves as a mentor and protector, and his philosophical reflections and wit add depth to the novel.
• Josiana - a duchess who feels a strange attraction to Gwynplaine. She symbolizes the depravity and corruption of the aristocracy. Throughout the novel, her attitude towards Gwynplaine shifts from curiosity and mockery to genuine interest, but ultimately she remains true to her selfish desires.
• Barkilphedro - a court intriguer who seeks to use Gwynplaine for his own purposes. He embodies cunning and ambition, willing to do anything to achieve his goals. His actions lead to tragic consequences for the main characters.