The Odyssey

Main Characters and Their Development

• Odysseus - the central hero of the poem, king of Ithaca, known for his wisdom, cunning, and resourcefulness. Throughout the poem, Odysseus strives to return home to his wife and son, overcoming numerous obstacles. His journey lasts 10 years, during which he faces various trials, including encounters with the Cyclops Polyphemus, staying with the enchantress Circe, and traveling to the land of the dead.
• Penelope - Odysseus's wife, faithful and devoted. In her husband's long absence, she fends off the advances of numerous suitors, waiting for his return and believing in it. She represents the ideal Greek woman - a loyal wife and caring mother.
• Telemachus - the son of Odysseus and Penelope, his story unfolds parallel to Odysseus's journey. At the beginning of the poem, Telemachus is a young man oppressed by his mother's suitors, but under the guidance of the goddess Athena, he embarks on his own journey in search of his father, during which he transforms into a brave and determined young man.
• Athena - the goddess of wisdom and military strategy, patroness of heroes, actively assists Odysseus and Telemachus in their endeavors. Her intervention in the fates of the poem's characters often plays a crucial role, enabling them to overcome challenges.
• Poseidon - the god of the sea, becomes an enemy of Odysseus after he blinds his son Polyphemus. He pursues Odysseus with his wrath, causing storms and natural disasters, trying to prevent him from returning home.