The Histories

Main Characters and Their Development

• Xerxes I — Persian king, son of Darius I, who continued the war against the Greeks started by his father. His reign is characterized as ambitious but ultimately unsuccessful, especially after the defeat at the Battle of Salamis.
• Leonidas I — Spartan king, known for his heroic defense of Thermopylae against the Persian army. His sacrifice became a symbol of courage and resilience.
• Themistocles — Athenian politician and general, who played a key role in the Greek victory over the Persians in the naval Battle of Salamis. His diplomatic and strategic skills were crucial during the war.
• Darius I — Persian king, father of Xerxes I, who initiated the war against the Greeks. His reign was marked by the expansion of the Persian Empire and the strengthening of its administrative structure.
• Croesus — Last king of Lydia, known for his wealth and defeat by the Persians. His story serves as a lesson on the fickleness of fortune and fate.
• Solon — Athenian lawmaker and poet, who visited Croesus and predicted his downfall, emphasizing the importance of wisdom and moderation.
• Aristides — Athenian politician, known for his honesty and fairness, who played an important role in the Greek victory over the Persians.