The Nose

Main Ideas

• Theme of appearance and perception: the story explores how a person's physical appearance affects how they are perceived by others and their own self-perception.
• Irony and satire: Akutagawa employs ironic and satirical elements to highlight the absurdity of human prejudices and social norms.
• Issue of self-identity: the protagonist faces an identity crisis as he tries to change his appearance and, consequently, his place in society.
• Social pressure and conformity: the story illustrates how public opinion and pressure can influence personal decisions and self-esteem.
• Philosophical reflections on happiness: the story raises the question of what truly makes a person happy and how external changes may not lead to inner satisfaction.