Submission

Summary

The novel «Submission» by Michel Houellebecq follows François, a literature professor at the Sorbonne, who experiences a personal and professional crisis amidst political changes in France. Set in 2022, the story unfolds as a Muslim party led by Ben Abbes comes to power. François observes the transformation of French society as it gradually adopts Islamic norms and values. Throughout this process, he grapples with questions of faith, identity, and personal choice, reflecting on his life and future in a changing world.

Main Ideas

• A political and social satire on contemporary French society.
• Exploration of the theme of Islamization of Europe and its potential consequences.
• Critique of liberal values and secularism.
• Examination of identity crisis and spiritual emptiness in modern individuals.
• Consideration of the concept of submission as a means of survival and adaptation in a changing world.
• Theme of personal and societal decline, as well as the search for meaning in life.

Historical Context and Significance

Published in 2015, Michel Houellebecq's novel «Submission» sparked significant resonance in literary and political circles. The book depicts a near-future France where a Muslim party rises to power, leading to radical societal changes. Houellebecq addresses themes of religion, politics, identity, and cultural shifts, making the novel crucial for understanding contemporary European fears and anxieties. His provocative style and sharp social commentary have garnered both praise and criticism, fueling widespread public discussions about Europe's future and the role of Islam in the Western world.

Main Characters and Their Development

• François - The main character, a literature professor at the Sorbonne. At the beginning of the book, he is experiencing a midlife crisis, feeling emptiness and meaninglessness in his life. With the rise of the Muslim party, he faces changes in society and his career. Gradually, François begins to adapt to the new conditions, considering the possibility of converting to Islam for career benefits and personal comfort.
• Miriam - A young Jewish woman, François's student and lover. She moves to Israel due to rising anti-Semitic sentiments in France. Her departure becomes a symbol of loss and change for François.
• Robert Rediger - The new rector of the Sorbonne, a Muslim. He plays a significant role in François's adaptation to the new regime, offering him favorable conditions for returning to work if he converts to Islam. Rediger represents the image of a successful and influential person in the newly Islamized society.

Style and Technique

Michel Houellebecq's novel «Submission» is written in the author's characteristic style, blending an ironic, sometimes cynical tone with deep philosophical reflection. The language of the work is rich with cultural and literary references, as well as elements of satire. Houellebecq employs simple yet poignant phrases, often using internal monologues and the protagonist's reflections to convey his inner world and attitude towards unfolding events. The structure of the novel is linear, with a clear plot development that gradually reveals changes in society and the protagonist's personal life. Literary techniques include the use of allusions, symbolism, and contrast, helping the author emphasize the main themes of the work, such as political changes, religious questions, and personal transformation.

Interesting Facts

• The novel is set in 2022, when a Muslim party comes to power in France.
• The main character, François, is a literature professor specializing in the works of Joris-Karl Huysmans.
• The novel explores themes of political and religious identity, as well as the crisis of Western civilization.
• The book sparked widespread resonance and debate due to its provocative content and political satire.
• The title of the novel refers to the concept of 'Islam,' which translates from Arabic as 'submission.'

Book Review

"Submission" by Michel Houellebecq has sparked widespread reaction among critics and readers. The novel depicts France in 2022, where a Muslim party comes to power. The main character, François, a university professor, observes the changes in society and his own life. Critics note that Houellebecq masterfully combines political satire with personal drama, creating a dark yet captivating vision of the future. Some reviewers consider the book provocative and believe it sparks discussions about religion, politics, and identity. Others point to its pessimistic tone and accuse the author of Islamophobia. Overall, "Submission" is recognized as an important and timely work that prompts reflection on the future of Europe.