Ninety-Three

Quatrevingt-treize

The Man Who Laughs

L'Homme qui rit

Toilers of the Sea

Les Travailleurs de la Mer

Les Misérables

Ruy Blas

The King Amuses Himself

Le Roi s'amuse

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame

Notre-Dame de Paris

The Last Day of a Condemned Man

Le Dernier Jour d'un Condamné

Portrait photograph of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Victor Hugo</a> published in the widely distributed serial publication entitled . Issued in parts from 1876 to 1884 by the firm of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goupil_%26_Cie" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Goupil &amp; Cie</a>, the series contained 241 portraits of leading figures from the worlds of art, literature, music, science, and politics by a host of Parisian photographers. The illustrations were printed as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/woodburytype" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">woodburytypes</a>–a photomechanical process that reproduced the continuous tones of photography but did so with pigmented gelatin molded to a varying thickness. The speed and economy with which woodburytypes could be printed, as well as their permanence (unlike traditional photographic processes that were subject to fading), made them a highly practical substitute for albumen silver prints in book publication or other situations where mass production was desirable.

Victor Hugo

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